Abstract
BackgroundMalnutrition is common in acutely ill patients occurring in 30–50% of hospitalized patients. Awareness and screening for malnutrition is lacking in most health institutions in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed at screening for malnutrition using anthropometric and laboratory indices in patients admitted to the internal medicine wards.MethodsA cross-sectional study. We screened for malnutrition in 251 consecutive patients admitted from January to March 2013 in the internal medicine wards. Malnutrition defined as body mass index (BMI) less than 18.5 kg/m2 and/or mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) less than 22 cm in women and 23 cm in men. Weight loss greater than 10% in the last 6 months prior to admission, relevant laboratory data, diagnosis at discharge and length of hospital stay (LOS) were also recorded.ResultsMean age was 47 (SD 16) years. 52.6% were male. Mean BMI was 24.44 (SD 5.79) kg/m2 and MUAC was 27.8 (SD 5.0) cm. Median LOS was 7 (IQR 5–12) days. 42.4% of patients reported weight loss greater than 10% in the 6 months before hospitalization. MUAC and BMI correlated significantly (r = 0.78; p < 0.0001) and malnutrition by the two methods showed moderate agreement (κ = 0.56; p < 0.0001). Using the two methods in combination, the prevalence of malnutrition was 19.34% (35/251). Blood albumin and hemoglobin were significantly lower in malnourished patients. Malnourished patients had a significantly longer LOS (p = 0.019) when compared to those with no malnutrition. Malnutrition was most common amongst patients with malignancy.ConclusionMalnutrition is common in patients admitted to the medical wards of the Douala General Hospital. Nutritional screening and assessment should be integrated in the care package of all admitted patients.
Highlights
Malnutrition is common in acutely ill patients occurring in 30–50% of hospitalized patients
Malnutrition is common in acutely ill patients, occurring in 30–50% of hospitalised patients [1, 2] a large proportion of who are already undernourished on admission or develop it while in hospital [3]
Study setting and participants This was a cross-sectional study carried out in the Douala General Hospital, a 320 bed tertiary medical Institution located in Douala, the economic capital of Cameroon which has a population of about 3 million inhabitants
Summary
Malnutrition is common in acutely ill patients occurring in 30–50% of hospitalized patients. Malnutrition is common in acutely ill patients, occurring in 30–50% of hospitalised patients [1, 2] a large proportion of who are already undernourished on admission or develop it while in hospital [3] It is a serious public health problem and can adversely affect virtually every organ and/or system in the human body [4,5,6,7]. Attention has turned to combination of diverse measurements to increase sensitivity and specificity [18, 19] These indicators can be epidemiologically useful, there is no gold standard for assessment of nutritional status [18, 20]
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