Abstract
Recruitment is a major factor governing mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) populations, yet estimates of this parameter from specific geographic areas are lacking. During 1988-90, we estimated recruitment, proportional change in population size, and number of young fledged for mallards from Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), California. Estimated recruitment (fledged F/ad F in spring) was 0.31 in 1988, 1.26 in 1989, and 0.83 in 1990. The proportional change in population size ranged from 0.78 in 1988 to 1.38 and 1.11 in 1989 and 1990, respectively. Number of young fledged varied from 848 in 1988 to 5,656 in 1989. To accurately estimate recruitment and incorporate variability, reliable estimates of duckling survival are required
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