Abstract
Aldo Leopold (1933:22) defined productivity as: . . the rate at which mature breeding stock produces other mature stock, or mature removable crop. Since sustained hunting must subsist on this annual crop, measuring productivity is one of the basic steps required for the management of any game species. At present, the U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife conducts waterfowl production surveys (Crissey, 1957; Stewart, et al., 1958), but does not measure directly the productivity of individual species. A serious problem encountered in gathering waterfowl productivity data has been the lack of a method applicable to sampling randomly over large areas. The only reliable field technique for determining the age and sex of waterfowl, cloacal examination (Hochbaum, 1942), could be applied by relatively few persons. Techniques, however, have been developed that permit age and sex of gallinaceous game birds to be determined from detached wings or other body parts collected from hunters (Ammann, 1944; Leopold, 1939; and Petrides, 1942). Procedures for gathering data in this manner and some possible applications have been summarized by Blouch and Ammann (1952) and by Dow (1954). Because the Bureau obtains addresses of a sample of waterfowl hunters from its annual mail
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