Abstract
The use of organophosphorous insecticides in agricultural environments and in urban settings has increased significantly. The aim of the present study was to analyze morphological alterations induced by malathion and 17β-estradiol (estrogen) in rat kidney tissues. There were four groups of animals: control, malathion, estrogen and combination of both substances. The animals were injected for five days and sacrificed 30, 124 and 240 days after treatments. Kidney tissues were analyzed for histomorphological and immunocytochemical alterations. Morphometric analysis indicated that malathion plus estrogen-treated animals showed a significantly (p < 0.05) higher grade of glomerular hypertrophy, signs of tubular damage, atypical proliferation in cortical and hilium zone than malathion or estrogen alone-treated and control animals after 240 days. Results indicated that MFG, ER-α, ER-β, PgR, CYP1A1, Neu/ErbB2, PCNA, vimentin and Thrombospondin 1 (THB) protein expression was increased in convoluted tubules of animals treated with combination of malathion and estrogen after 240 days of 5 day treatment. Malignant proliferation was observed in the hilium zone. In summary, the combination of malathion and estrogen induced pathological lesions in glomeruli, convoluted tubules, atypical cell proliferation and malignant proliferation in hilium zone and immunocytochemical alterations in comparison to control animals or animals treated with either substance alone. It can be concluded that an increased risk of kidney malignant transformation can be induced by exposure to environmental and endogenous substances.
Highlights
The interaction of chemical carcinogens with healthy cells associated with exogenous hormones can induce genomic damage and subsequently cause cancer with the ability of metastasize other tissues [1,2,3,4].The carcinogenesis process needs several mutational events to produce damage to the genome, and subsequent cell proliferation of these injured cells
The commercial or technical grade of malathion used for pest control is not a pure molecule and it is associated with impurities produced by manufacture or storage [10,11]
There were four groups of rats consisting of control, malathion, estrogen and combination of both substances
Summary
The interaction of chemical carcinogens with healthy cells associated with exogenous hormones can induce genomic damage and subsequently cause cancer with the ability of metastasize other tissues [1,2,3,4].The carcinogenesis process needs several mutational events to produce damage to the genome, and subsequent cell proliferation of these injured cells. The interaction of chemical carcinogens with healthy cells associated with exogenous hormones can induce genomic damage and subsequently cause cancer with the ability of metastasize other tissues [1,2,3,4]. The organophosphorous pesticides are chemical substances synthesized by men and mainly used for pest control in agriculture [5,6,7] and residential urban surroundings [8,9]. The use of such pesticides such as malathion has increased significantly due to its low mammalian toxicity, short persistence in the environment, broad spectrum of activity and low cost. Different studies have shown that malathion and other pesticides induced histopathological alterations in the kidneys of experimental animals
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