Malignant Soft Tissue Tumors in Children

Abstract

Malignant soft tissue tumors represent a diverse group of diagnoses. They are classified into two main groups—rhabdomyosarcomas and non-rhabdomyosarcomas. Non-rhabdomyosarcomas are further differentiated based on their tissue of origin. Most soft tissue tumors present as growing subcutaneous masses, but several have distinct cutaneous findings. In all cases, a biopsy is required to make an accurate diagnosis. Ongoing advances in molecular diagnostics allow for more precise classification and diagnosis. Complete surgical excision, when possible, is the treatment of choice for most soft tissue tumors. Additional treatments and prognosis are tumor dependent and vary by patient age. Herein we provide a unique review of the pediatric soft tissue malignancies with special attention given to their cutaneous manifestations and clinical mimics. Histopathology and imaging characteristics, as well as prognosis, are also discussed. General treatment suggestions are included, but multispecialty care lead by a pediatric oncologist with expertise in this area is necessary to implement a suitable treatment plan.