Abstract
ARTERIOLAR nephrosclerosis is the term applied to involvement of the renal area by hypertensive vascular disease. The benign form is characterized by sclerosis of small arteries and arterioles, while the malignant form has in addition necrotizing vascular lesions which involve particularly the vasa afferentia supplying the glomeruli.1Malignant nephrosclerosis is the typical renal lesion of malignant hypertension, although it is by no means always present in that disease2and may also occur in far-advanced glomerulonephritis3and pyelonephritis.4 Malignant hypertension is a clinical condition characterized by persistent hypertension, a progressive downward course, and distinctive changes in the retina (edema of the disc or retina, hemorrhages, and exudates). Renal failure is a late or terminal event.5The constancy of the typical retinal changes has been emphasized in studies of the disease both in adults6and in children.7Excluding cases of far-advanced chronic glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis,
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