Malformaciones congénitas en mujeres sometidas a técnicas de reproducción asistida

Abstract

ObjectiveTo determine the rate of occurrence of birth defects and adverse perinatal outcomes in infertile patients undergoing assisted reproduction techniques. Material and methodWe conducted a retrospective case-control study that included patients undergoing assisted reproduction techniques (IVF, ICSI, CAI, OVODON) in 2013 and a control group of healthy patients who delivered in the same dates. Patients were drawn from the database of the Human Reproduction Unit. Morphological data were obtained from Astraia ultrasound software. The data analysed were collected from the Drago operating system. The statistical analysis was conducted with the SPSS 22.0 statistical package. ResultsThere were 619 patients, of which 38 were excluded due to lack of data. There was a significantly higher percentage of women aged 35-40 years (P<.05) in the cases group. The most frequently used technique was IVF (55.3% of single pregnancies and 16.5% of twin pregnancies). The male factor accounted for 32.9%. A total of 1.2% of controls had a PAPP-A MoM less than 0.3 and all cases showed a PAPP-A greater than 0.3 MoM (P<.05). There were no statistically significant differences between cases and controls in any of the variables studied in relation to defects identified in the morphological ultrasound. The cases group showed more frequent admission to the neonatology ward and neonatal intensive care unit and lower pH values; both these differences were statistically significant (P<.05). ConclusionAnalysis of the different assisted reproduction techniques and their relationship to foetal malformations did not show an increased risk of defects among infants conceived with assisted reproductive techniques compared with newborns resulting from spontaneous conception.