Abstract
The Triticum timopheevi cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) system in triticale (xTriticosecale Wittmack) suffers from a low frequency of maintainers and environmental instability of the male sterility. On the other hand, the Pampa cms system in rye (Secale cereale) exhibits strong male sterility and a low frequency of restorers. Here, we report generating hybrids between maintainers of the T. timopheevi cms system in triticale and maintainers of the rye Pampa cms system. Ten hybrids were obtained. Their hybridity was verified by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) using ISSR (inter simple sequence repeats) primers. The cms maintaining ability of F2 individuals and their progeny was tested. The F2 plants were crossed to male sterile lines of triticale carrying the T. timopheevi cytoplasm. Among 180 G1 offspring of these crosses, 71 (39.4%) were completely male sterile. Fourteen F2 individuals (7.8%), as well as their F2S1 and progeny, generated stable male sterility in G1, G1BC1 and G1BC2 generations after the crosses. Our results suggest that it is possible to produce a more stable cms system in triticale based on the T. timopheevi cytoplasm as compared to the existing one.
Highlights
Cultivars of triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) are pure line cultivars, in terms of their genetic structure, obtained by the pedigree breeding method
Six crosses were made between two hexaploid triticale maintainers of the T. timopheevi cms system, which were used as female (Salvo, which was in the S17 generation and 19 in the S13 generation) and three rye (Secale cereale L.) maintainers of the Pampa cms system (541-6 in S24, 585/92-6-1 in S9, and 585/92-12 in S9), which were used as male
At present only on a limited scale cytoplasmic male sterility is utilized to produce hybrid seeds in triticale (Nalepa, 1990; Góral, 2002; Ammar et al, 2006; Longin et al, 2012) because of limited number of restorer and maintainer lines in applied sterility systems based on T. timopheevi and Ae. sharonensis cytoplasms
Summary
Cultivars of triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) are pure line cultivars, in terms of their genetic structure, obtained by the pedigree breeding method. There has been a growing interest in breeding hybrid triticale. Similar to other small grain cereals, it is possible to use chemical emasculation of female lines or transform them into male sterile lines. The male sterility system to be used in triticale must include fully male sterile lines, as female and pollinators effective in fertility restoration in F1 hybrids. Among several alien cytoplasm sources that cause pollen sterilizing effect in triticale, only Triticum timopheevi (Zhuk.) and Aegilops sharonensis cytoplasms appear useful for male sterility systems, since they do not compromise important agronomic traits (Nalepa, 1990). The T. timopheevi cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) system in triticale is characterized by a low frequency of maintainers (Warzecha et al, 1998; Góral & Spiss, 2005; Góral et al, 2007). Most triticale lines and cultivars substantially, albeit not fully, restore fertility
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