Abstract
Androgens are a class of hormones that bind to androgen receptors (AR) to promote significant changes to cells possessing AR. Testosterone is made more potent by its conversion to 5-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by the enzyme 5-reductase. Studying the way androgens act on AR receptors in a small wild tropical bird can be challenging. Using a variety of techniques, male golden-collared manakins were found to possess 5-reductase and AR at high levels in spinal motor and sensory neurons, in the brain and in skeletal muscles important for the performance of courtship displays, including wingsnapping. Across a diversity of birds, including several manakins, the amount of androgen receptor in muscle is found to correlate with the complexity of courtship behavior, evidence that androgen action on muscle is key to the physicality of avian courtship behavior.
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