Male Germ Cell Proliferation in Fish Under The Influence of Various Factors With Special Reference to Indian Major Carps

Abstract

The end product of germ cell maturation is the spermatozoa that are produced through a definite pattern in nature that requires a special environment. During proliferation of diploid germ cells, the spermatogonia repopulate the testis lobules by mitotic cell division. The natural germ cell proliferation and maturation has been modulated and manipulated by various factors to get maximum viable sperms for aquaculture practice. Environment and chemicals of natural and synthetic origin can interact with the endocrine system and alter the male germ cell generation and proliferation/inhibition in fish. In the present investigative review, an attempt has been made to ascertain various factors that influence the spermatogonial proliferation and maturation of fish with a special reference to Indian major carps, viz. catla, Catla catla, rohu, Labeo rohita and, mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala. It was observed that physical factors such as temperature and photoperiod, and the chemical stimulants such as clomephene citrate, hormones and other chemicals stimulate the process. However, if not applied in optimal conditions/doses it may retract the germ cell proliferation and the entire spermatogenesis.