Abstract
Genitourinary system is the most common extrapulmonary site after lymph node involvement affected by tuberculosis (TB). TB can affect whole male genital organs; epididymis, testis, prostate, seminal vesicle, vas deferens, scrotal skin, bulbourethral glands and penis. Although male genital TB (MGTB) is reported rarely in the literature, most of the cases are overlooked. It is not always very easy to diagnose MGTB because there is no pathognomonic sign. Sometimes, it can be difficult to differentiate TB orchitis from testicular cancer. If laboratory and radiological findings are not enough for diagnosis then biopsy and surgical procedures such as epididymo-orchiectomy may be required.
Highlights
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem
It should be kept in mind that, TB epididymoorchitis is a rare complication of intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy for urothelial cancer of the bladder
Prostate tuberculosis is usually asymptomatic and sometimes, the diagnosis is made after histopathological examination (HPE) of transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) chips [14,15]
Summary
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) report 2013, there were 8.6 million new TB cases in 2012 and 1.3 million TB deaths (just under 1.0 million among HIV-negative people and 0.3 million HIV-associated TB deaths). Infection of the male genitalia is believed to originate from renal foci Haematogenous spread to these sites is possible in cases of miliary infection. The spread of tuberculosis to the epididymis is thought to occur hematogenously or by retrocanalicular descent of organisms from the hematogenously infected prostate [7]. Isolated tuberculous epididymitis probably is a result of hematogenous spread without urinary tract involvement. Another usually recognized mechanism is dissemination from the prostate or seminal vesicles, with retrograde involvement through the vas deferens [8]. Testicular involvement usually is the result of direct extension from the epididymis and scrotal involvement suggests local extratesticular extension of the disease process [9]. If the epididymal infection is extensive and an abscess formation occurs, it can rupture through the scrotal skin, establishing a permanent sinus
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