MALDI sample preparation methods: A mini review

Abstract

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) has emerged as a robust analytical technique for the rapid and sensitive analysis of diverse biomolecules. MALDI-MS effectiveness relies on meticulous sample preparation, with a particular emphasis on achieving a uniform sample surface. Although the dried droplet (DD) method is widely utilized, it encounters challenges such as uneven sample distribution that impacts the ionization process and significantly varies ion signals across sample areas, resulting in poor data reproducibility. The uneven sample distribution can increase the time to finish mass analysis of samples and make automated analysis complicated. Automated sample deposition systems and alternative MALDI sample preparation methods show promise in overcoming the limitations of the DD method, resulting in improved reproducibility and mass spectral quality. These advancements are critical in improving the precision and reliability of quantitative measurements using MALDI-MS, propelling progress in MALDI imaging, quantitative analysis, and biomarker discovery across a wide range of scientific applications.