Abstract
A parasitological and serological survey was made in the South Pare area in 1970, where a residual insecticide spraying campaign had previously caused a great reduction in the transmission of malaria. Although the densities of the vectors and the theoretical inoculation rates had almost returned to pre-spraying levels the prevalence of malaria parasites in the human population was still significantly less than formerly. Serological findings, however, suggested that more transmission was occurring than was shown by the parasite rates. As well as pre-existing immunity, an important factor in the delayed resurgence of malaria, and in the dissociation between parasite rates on the one hand and inoculation and antibody prevalence rates on the other, was the widespread use of antimalaria drugs. There was an indication of a fall in mean haemoglobin levels towards those of the period before malaria control.
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