Abstract
Recently, there has been a resurgence of malaria in densely populated areas of the United States secondary to human migration from endemic areas where factors such as cessation of vector control, vector resistance to insecticides, disease resistance to drugs, environmental changes, political instability, and indifference, have played a role for malaria becoming an overwhelming infection of these tropical underdeveloped countries. It is important for health care providers of gravida to be alert of the disease and its effects on pregnancy.
Highlights
In the US, malaria was endemic until the beginning of the twentieth century with more than 500,000 cases per year
Despite a worldwide effort to curb the disease through vector control and treatment of the disease, resurgence has developed due to Plasmodium falciparum resistance
Chloroquine is used as a single first-line treatment in many areas for P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale, or in combination with another drug
Summary
In the US, malaria was endemic until the beginning of the twentieth century with more than 500,000 cases per year. Dialysis for several weeks may be necessary for survival in patients with severe disease This presents as dark or black urine and is caused by G6PD deficiency-related hemolysis from antimalarial drugs and/or directly from the malarial infection. Chloroquine is used as a single first-line treatment in many areas for P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale, or in combination with another drug It may be given intravenously if the patient is unable to tolerate oral medications. Proguanil is a new drug that is effective against early tissue schizonts of P. vivax infections It may be used for prophylaxis of pregnant women and nonimmune patients at risk. Non-immune patients should be hospitalized for treatment to prevent and/or treat complications of falciparum malaria, especially when pregnant. The SPf66 malaria vaccine has appeared to significantly reduce initial attacks of P. falciparum malaria according to a Cochrane collaborative review [64]
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