Malaria epidemic and control effect in Rizhao City of Shandong, 1951 – 2019

Abstract

Objective To Analyze the epidemic characteristics, prevention and treatment process of malaria in Rizhao City, we summarize the prevention and control effect experience, put forward how to deal with challenges in the new situation and further consolidate the achievements of malaria prevention. Methods Data of malaria control in Rizhao City, 1951-2019 were collected, and the epidemic situation, control measures and effects were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results From 1951 to 2019, a total of 519 057 cases of malaria were reported in Rizhao. Locally vivax malaria cases were dominated before 2004. Imported falciparum malaria cases accounted for 69.44%(50/72), followed by vivax malaria for 19.44%(14/72) after 2004. Malaria prevention and control has achieved phased results. It has gone through five stages, that is the stage of sporadic epidemics in the early days of foundation of the People ′ s Republic of China, outbreak and control, basic malaria eradication, consolidating the achievements of prevention and control, comprehensive elimination. The peak incidence dropped from 15 396.01/10 5 in 1961 to less than 1/10 5 in 1986, the objective of basic malaria eradication was reached in 1988, and no local malaria cases have been found since 1994. and the provincial standard for malaria elimination was reached in 2016. Conclusion Rizhao has achieved its goal of eliminating malaria, but the transmission and epidemic factors still remains, so the prevention and control of imported malaria is the key to maintain the achievements of malaria elimination. 摘要：目的 分析新中国成立以来日照市疟疾流行特征和防治历程, 总结防控经验,提出新形势下应如何应对挑 战, 进一步巩固疟防成果。 方法 收集日照市 1951—2019 年疟疾防治资料, 用描述性统计学方法总结分析每个时期疟 疾的流行情况、采取的防控措施及效果。 结果 1951—2019 年日照市累计报告疟疾 519 057 例, 2004 年以前均为本地 感染的间日疟, 2004 年以后以输入性恶性疟为主占 69.44%(50/72), 其次是间日疟占 19.44%(14/72) 。整个防治经历了 建国初期散发流行、疟疾暴发与控制、基本消灭疟疾、巩固防治成果、消除疟疾五个防治阶段, 取得了阶段性的成果。 1986 年疟疾发病率从 1961 年的 15 396.01/10 万下降到 1/10 万以下, 1988 年达到“基本消灭疟疾”的目标, 1994 年后未再 出现本地感染病例, 2016 年通过消除疟疾的省级考核。 结论 日照市已达到消除疟疾目标, 但疟疾传播和流行因素依 然存在, 做好输入性疟疾的防控是持续保持消除疟疾成果的关键。