Abstract
Crohn's disease as ulcerative colitis are the main chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in the developed countries of the world with an estimated prevalence of 1/250. Morbidity of these diseases are important and some patients live with a considerable symptom burden despite medical treatment. In 2001, mutations in the gene CARD15 (also named NOD2) have been identified and involved in susceptibility for Crohn's disease. Theses findings have played an important role to elucidate the leading role of innate immune response in the bowel and in understanding the pathogenesis of IBD and have helped to identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention. This paper summarizes the important knowledge acquisitions in the physiopathology of Crohn's disease. It underlines the important environmental, immunologic and genetic components leading to this multifactorial disease.
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