Abstract
Background: Empirical evidence suggests that low self-esteem and high perfectionism are significant personality correlates of work addiction, but the mechanisms underlying these relationships are still unclear. Consequently, exploring cognitive mechanisms will help to better understand work addiction. For instance, rumination is one of the under-researched topics in work addiction, although it may explain specific thinking processes of work-addicted individuals. The purpose of the study was to test the mediating role of maladaptive rumination (i.e., brooding) in the relationship between personality and addiction. Methods: In a largescale cross-sectional, unrepresentative, online study, 4340 adults with a current job participated. The following psychometric instruments were used: Work Addiction Risk Test Revised, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, and Ruminative Response Scale. Results: It was found that self-oriented perfectionism, socially prescribed perfectionism, and self-esteem had both direct and indirect relationships with work addiction via the mediating effect of maladaptive rumination. The two paths involving brooding explained 44% of the direct relationship. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that brooding type of rumination as a putatively maladaptive strategy explains why individuals characterized by low self-esteem and high perfectionism may have a higher risk of work addiction. The results suggest that cognitive-affective mechanisms in work addiction are similar to those found in other addictive disorders.
Highlights
Work addiction is a ‘double-edged’ and controversial phenomenon, and several misbeliefs and myths have appeared in the literature concerning the disorder [1]
Over half of the participants stated their place of residence as the capital city (60.2%), 15.2% of them lived in county towns, 17.5% lived in towns, and 7.2% reported living in villages
Significant positive and moderate associations were found between self-oriented perfectionism and other-oriented perfectionism, and between self-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism
Summary
Work addiction is a ‘double-edged’ and controversial phenomenon, and several misbeliefs and myths have appeared in the literature concerning the disorder [1]. Work addiction can be regarded as a positive addiction [2], or as a useful behavioral pattern for employers and companies. Work addiction and related overwork can have several adverse physical, mental, and social consequences both for individuals and their environment [4,5]. Empirical evidence suggests that low self-esteem and high perfectionism are significant personality correlates of work addiction, but the mechanisms underlying these relationships are still unclear. Rumination is one of the under-researched topics in work addiction, it may explain specific thinking processes of work-addicted individuals. The purpose of the study was to test the mediating role of maladaptive rumination (i.e., brooding) in the relationship between personality and addiction. The following psychometric instruments were used: Work Addiction Risk Test Revised, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Multidimensional Perfectionism
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