Abstract
Several specimens of polychaetes were collected on a sandy beach at depths of 0–1 m in the northeastern Venezuelan using a PVC corer (0.018 m2), taking sediment cores of 20 cm depth. Samples were sieved using a 0.5-mm open mesh. Specimens were fixed in 10 % formaldehyde and preserved and stored in 70 % ethanol. They were then examined using compound microscopes, and structures with taxonomic value were dissected. The characteristics of the specimens examined allowed to identify them as belonging to the genus Malacoceros. A new species of spionid polychaete is described from the Caribbean Sea, Malacoceros longiseta n. sp. This species clearly differs from all other species of Malacoceros Quatrafages (Mag Zool Paris 2:1–16, 1843), by the presence of lateral subterminal prostomial horns, extremely long notopodial capillary chaetae on the three first chaetigers (similar to the ones observed for Dispio uncinata Hartman), the length of the branchiae in relation to the notopodial lamellae, and the morphology of the pygidium.
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