Making the lignocellulosic fibers chemically compatible for composite: A comprehensive review

Abstract

Plant based lignocellulosic fiber, primarily consist of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, can be used as a reinforcing medium in polymer-basedmatrix with proper alteration. This article explores various chemical modification of lignocellulosic fiber in order to make it more compatible for using as the reinforcement in composite materials. Mechanical properties of the natural fiber composite depend on aspect ratio, surface morphology, adhesion between the constituents etc. Chemical modification of the fiber decreases the moisture content, dimensional instability, reduces the diameter of the fiber which in turn improves aspect ratio, degum fiber bundles thereby produce more reaction site to react with hydrophobic matrix. Surface morphology of the fiber can be modified by the chemical treatment which promotes better mechanical interlocking. Chemical treatment of natural fiber includes mercerization, silane treatment, acetylation, permanganate, peroxide, benzoylation, malleated coupling agent, triazine, stearic acid treatment etc. are rigorously discussed in this article. Furthermore, recent research outcomes regarding the chemical modification of natural fibers are reviewed in this article. SEM images of treated fibers are considered in order to assess the change of surface morphology and better adhesion of fiber and matrix brought in by chemical treatment. Eventually, the applications of natural fiber composite are broadly discussed.