Abstract
Following description of peculiar historical conditions that gave rise to the rapid growth of professional psychology in the United States and expression of concern about the future of the field, questions about the central purposes and basic identity of professional psychology are considered. Two conceptions are delineated. The currently dominant conception of practice as applied science is disputed, and the conception of professional service as disciplined inquiry is advanced as an alternative. The latter conception, but not the former, encourages systematic address of urgent social needs and organized cooperation among practitioners and researchers in developing effective practices to meet those needs.
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