Abstract
Our world is in deep trouble. We face an existential emergency from ‘rapid climate disruption’ and it is now clear that continuing with business as normal will not provide a safe or viable future for humanity. This disruption is not limited to humans but is also contributing to what has been called the ‘sixth extinction’. This rapid decline in biodiversity is part of a tangled web of profound challenges to planetary boundaries, what Rockstrom and colleagues call a ‘safe operating space’ for humanity. We have already exceeded the estimated safe operating space for six of the nine planetary boundaries, with two, biochemical flows and biosphere integrity, in the high risk category.
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