Major strain and coping strategies as reported by family members who care for aged demented relatives.

Abstract

This study is based on a previous investigation into 46 caregivers' experience of burden and burnout when caring for a demented elderly relative. The aim of this study was to describe caregivers who develop or experience burnout (group A) and caregivers without experience of burnout (group B) and how they cope with major strain. The interviews focused on the caregivers' descriptions of their major strain (the demented person's memory difficulties and change in behaviour and the caregivers' experiences of their feelings of loss and their new role) and what they did, thought and felt in these situations. The interviews were coded and categorized and a chi-square test was performed. It was found that those in group A more often used an emotion-focused strategy (grieving, worrying and self-accusation). They were also the only ones using wishful thinking and stoicism as strategies. Those in group B used a problem-focused strategy more often (confronting the problem, seeking information and seeking social support). Another interesting finding was that the caregivers in group B frequently used the emotion-focused strategy of acceptance in combination with seeking information and seeking social support. To mix approaches like these seems to be an effective choice of strategy. It was also found that the caregivers' gender seems to have an effect on the coping strategy. The demented person's domicile did not, however, appear to result in any significant difference.