Abstract
Interest in edible beans as nutraceuticals is increasing. In the present study, the individual phenolic acids, the total phenolic content (TPC), the total flavonoid content (TFC), and the antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of 13 varieties of rice beans from China were investigated. Eight phenolic compounds (catechin, epicatechin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, vitexin, isovitexin, sinapic acid, quercetin) were analyzed on an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) mass spectrometry (MS) system. The rice bean varieties had significant differences in total phenolic compounds (ranging from 123.09 ± 10.35 to 843.75 ± 30.15 μg/g), in TPC (ranging from 3.27 ± 0.04 to 6.43 ± 0.25 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g), in TFC (ranging from 55.95 ± 11.16 to 320.39 ± 31.77 mg catechin (CE)/g), in antioxidant activity (ranging from 39.87 ± 1.37 to 46.40 ± 2.18 μM·TE/g), in α-glucosidase inhibition activity (ranging from 44.32 ± 2.12 to 68.71 ± 2.19) and in advanced glycation end products formation inhibition activity (ranging from 34.11 ± 0.59 to 75.75 ± 0.33). This study is the first report on phytochemistry and biological activities in rice beans.
Highlights
Antioxidants refer to compounds possessing free radical-scavenging activity, transition metal-chelating activity, and/or singlet oxygen-quenching capacity [1,2]
Alpha-Glucosidase has been recognised as a therapeutic target for modulation of postprandial hyperglycaemia, which is the earliest metabolic abnormality to occur in type II diabetes mellitus [5,6]
Hyperglycemia that occurs in diabetic conditions favors glucose metabolism through the polyol pathway and promotes advanced glycation end-products (AGE) formation, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and other complications
Summary
Antioxidants refer to compounds possessing free radical-scavenging activity, transition metal-chelating activity, and/or singlet oxygen-quenching capacity [1,2]. The increased free radical production and reduced antioxidant defence may partially mediate the initiation and progression of diabetes-associated complications [3,4]. Hyperglycemia that occurs in diabetic conditions favors glucose metabolism through the polyol pathway and promotes advanced glycation end-products (AGE) formation, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and other complications. Our previous study found that rice bean exhibited excellent antioxidant capacity and antidiabetic potential out of sixteen species of beans [12]. In thirteen rice bean varieties; (2) to assess the relative antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory and advanced glycation end products formation inhibitory activities of rice beans; and (3) to investigate the correlations between phytochemicals and biological activities. This study is the first report on the application of an ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) for the rapid separation and quantification of individual phenolic acids in rice bean
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