Major Minority: The Estonian Russians

Abstract

Abstract This chapter studies the important Russian-speaking minority in Estonia. Using an original individual-level survey that over-samples the Russian-speaking minority, as well as a large number of interviews with key politicians, civil servants, and academics, the chapter explores how ethnic identity influences the political preferences of Estonian Russian speakers, and examines the representation of this group in Estonian politics. Tracing the emergence of political elites among the Russian-speaking community, the chapter assesses their views and actions, and the formation of their political strategies. The chapter highlights the specific views of Estonian Russian speakers, and how they are influenced by generational and other factors. Furthermore, the chapter sheds light on the translation of these preferences into the political sphere by partisan actors, addressing the strategic cooptation of ethnic minority elites into majority parties. The chapter illuminates the delicate balance between preserving Russian language and culture while fostering constructive cooperation with Estonian peers. The chapter offers insights into the historical context of Estonian–Russian relations, and the re-establishment of Estonian independence. It highlights the role of ethnic minority politics in shaping political preferences, representation, and democracy in the Baltic country.