Abstract
The gut microbiota has been linked to blood lipids. However, the relationship between the gut microbiome and other lipid markers like apolipoproteins A1 (apoA1) and B (apoB) as well as classical lipid markers in Asians remain unclear. Here, we examined the associations between gut microbial diversity and taxonomic compositions with both apolipoproteins and lipid markers in a large number of Korean patients. The fecal 16S rRNA gene sequencing data from 1141 subjects were analyzed and subjects were categorized into control group (G0) or abnormal group (G1) according to blood lipid measurements. The microbial diversity and several taxa of the gut microbiota were significantly associated with triglyceride, apoA1, and apoB levels, but not with total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The alpha diversity of the gut microbiota was inversely associated with high triglyceride level. Interestingly, G1 of apoA1 showed increased microbial richness and distinct microbial community compared with G0 of apoA1. A high abundance of Fusobacteria and low abundance of Oscillospira were found in the hypertriglyceridemia group. In this large-scale study, we identified associations of gut microbiota with apolipoproteins and classical lipid markers, indicating that the gut microbiota may be an important target for regulating blood lipids.
Highlights
Dyslipidemia is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and refers to elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG) and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [1]
After rarefying the feature tables to 5030 sequences per sample, we found that the high TG group showed significantly lower richness in both phylogenetic and non-phylogenetic alpha diversity indices including observed amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) (p < 0.001), Shannon’s index (p < 0.001), Pielou’s evenness (p = 0.030), and Faith’s phylogenetic diversity (PD) (p < 0.001) (Figure 1 and Table S1)
Based on W statistics by analysis of composition of microbiome (ANCOM), we identified 12 taxa, 10 taxa, and 6 taxa significantly associated with TG, apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), and Apolipoprotein B (apoB), respectively, from phylum to species level after adjusting for age, sex and body mass index (BMI) (Table 3)
Summary
Dyslipidemia is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and refers to elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG) and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [1]. Blood lipid levels are influenced by genetic [2] and environmental factors such as diet [3] and their interactions. Traditional lipid parameters as well as apolipoproteins have been identified to play a role in many mechanisms related to CVD. Apolipoprotein B (apoB) is the major apolipoprotein of the atherogenic lipoproteins, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), and LDL-C, while apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) is the primary protein associated with HDL-C [5]. A large proportion of the variation in blood lipid levels remains unexplained
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