Abstract
Introduction: The lack of bone in the alveolar crest represents a major problem in aesthetic recovery in patients who have suffered dentoalveolar trauma, traumatic extractions, congenital tooth absence pathologies involving maxilla and mandible, and the possibility of deformity. In this sense, the zygomatic implant (ZI) is an alternative when there is bone loss. Objective: It was to carry out a systematic review of the main clinical outcomes of ZI, emphasizing the main indications. Methods: The present study followed the PRISMA rules. The search strategy was performed in the PubMed, Scielo, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, following the rules of the word PICOS (Patient; Intervention; Control; Outcomes; Study Design). The Cochrane Instrument was used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. Results and Conclusion: A total of 82 articles were found involving zygomatic implantation and the evolution of the technique. Initially, the duplication of articles was excluded. A total of 54 articles were fully evaluated and 33 were included in this study. Based on the clinical results of the last five years, some studies have broadened clinical understanding based on comparative studies to show the success rate of ZI. Even if more complications were reported for ZI that resolved spontaneously or could be handled, ZI proved to be a better modality of rehabilitation for severely atrophic jaws. Furthermore, zygomatic surgery proved to be a viable and safe alternative to conventional treatment modalities for oral rehabilitation of patients with ectodermal dysplasia syndrome. Also, there was greater accuracy and drastically reduced risk of perioperative/postoperative complications using the dynamic navigation system compared to the freehand placement of implants. Finally, guided surgery for the placement of ZI using specially designed metal jigs that must be supported by bone showed the placement of a made-to-measure provisional prosthesis, reducing surgery time, simplifying the procedure, and optimizing the result.
Highlights
The lack of bone in the alveolar crest represents a major problem in aesthetic recovery in patients who have suffered dentoalveolar trauma, traumatic extractions, congenital tooth absence pathologies involving maxilla and mandible, and the possibility of deformity
Even if more complications were reported for zygomatic implant (ZI) that resolved spontaneously or could be handled, ZI proved to be a better modality of rehabilitation for severely atrophic jaws
According to the clinical results of the last five years, some studies have expanded the clinical understanding based on comparative studies to show the success rate of ZI [24,25,26]
Summary
The lack of bone in the alveolar crest represents a major problem in aesthetic recovery in patients who have suffered dentoalveolar trauma, traumatic extractions, congenital tooth absence pathologies involving maxilla and mandible, and the possibility of deformity. In this sense, the zygomatic implant (ZI) is an alternative when there is bone loss. In the scenario of lack or atrophy of bucomaxillary bone, the emphasis is on the lack of bone in the alveolar crest, which represents a major aesthetic problem in patients who have suffered dentoalveolar trauma, traumatic extractions, and congenital tooth absence pathologies [1] In this context, tooth loss negatively affects the quality of life, compromising aesthetic functions, chewing, and speech [2,3]. They have a slanted head, designed to allow placement of the prosthesis 45 along the axis of the implant, providing an excellent ability to retain, support, and stabilize the prosthesis [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17]
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