Abstract
BackgroundThe studies on the association of various midlife risk factors with reaching 90 years or more are scarce. We studied this association in a socioeconomically homogenous cohort of businessmen.MethodsThe study consists of men (n = 970) from the Helsinki Businessmen Study cohort (born 1919–1928). Five major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (smoking, BMI, blood pressure, serum lipids, fasting glucose), consumption of alcohol and coffee, self-rated health and self-rated fitness, were assessed in 1974, at an average age of 50 years. The number of major risk factors was tested as a risk burden. The Charlson Comorbidity Index and the RAND-36 (SF-36) Physical and Mental health summary scores were calculated from surveys in year 2000, at age of 73 years. Mortality dates were retrieved through 31 March 2018 from the Population Information System of Finland.Results244 men survived to the age of 90 representing 25.2% of the study cohort. The survivors had less risk factor burden in midlife, and less morbidity and higher physical health summary score in 2000. Of those with five major risk factors only 7% survived up to 90 years, whereas 51% of those without any risk factors reached that age. Single risk factors reducing odds of reaching 90 years were smoking (odds ratio [OR] 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.34–0.67), glucose (0.66, 0.49–0.88), BMI (0.63, 0.46–0.86), and cholesterol (0.71, 0.53–0.96).ConclusionLack of five major CVD risk factors in midlife strongly increased odds of reaching 90 years of age and also predicted factors related to successful ageing in late life.
Highlights
Life expectancy has remarkably increased in Europe in the past decades [1]
Yates et al [13] studied the association of factors in age of 70 with survival till 90, and they revealed that the probability of reaching 90 years of age was 54% for those men who did not have any risk factors, and 4% for those who had five risk factors at mean age of 72
Our findings revealed that the burden of major cardiovascular risk factors is a linear and strong determinant of mortality and this burden efficiently prevents reaching 90 years of age
Summary
Life expectancy has remarkably increased in Europe in the past decades [1]. Increasing numbers of people reach exceptional longevity, 90 years or more [1]. There are scarce prospective studies in homogeneous cohorts with very long follow-ups, especially exploring how combination of midlife major risk factors determines reaching 90 years of age. We investigated these midlife factors in a 44-year follow-up study of the Helsinki Businessmen Study cohort in which. The survivors had less risk factor burden in midlife, and less morbidity and higher physical health summary score in 2000 Of those with five major risk factors only 7% survived up to 90 years, whereas 51% of those without any risk factors reached that age. Conclusion Lack of five major CVD risk factors in midlife strongly increased odds of reaching 90 years of age and predicted factors related to successful ageing in late life
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