Abstract
Bergenia species are important medicinal plants used in indigenous systems of medicine for their antilithiatic and diuretic properties. An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid linear ion trap triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQLIT-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the estimation of quantitative variation of eight major bioactive phenolics in the rhizomes (150 samples) of four species of this herb, Bergenia (B. ciliata, B. ligulata, B. purpurascens and B. stracheyi). Chromatographic separation was obtained on a Waters ACQUITY UPLCTM BEH (ethylene bridged hybrid) C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile under a gradient elution manner. A hybrid linear ion trap triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was operated in negative electrospray ionization mode with multiple reactions monitoring for detection and quantification of the eight compounds. The validated method demonstrated good linearity (r2 ≥ 0.9991), precision (RSD ≤ 1.87%) and accuracy (95.16–102.11%, RSD ≤ 1.83%) for all reference analytes. The quantitative results revealed that B. ligulata contains the highest amount of the major active marker-bergenin. The results also suggest that sensitive UHPLC-QqQLIT-MS/MS method, a sensitive, accurate and convenient one, could be helpful in identification of potential accession(s), rapid quality control and establishing authenticity of Bergenia species as raw material for pharmaceutical industries.
Highlights
The genus Bergenia Moench (Saxifragaceae) consists of about 10 species of perennial rhizomatous herbs distributed in the temperate and subtropical regions of Central and East Asia [1]
Previous reports indicated that variations in the quantities of bioactive phenolics of Bergenia species lead to variation in their medicinal activities [19]
We have developed and validated a rapid, sensitive and specific UHPLC-QqQLIT-MS/MS method in multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode for simultaneous determination of arbutin, bergenin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid and syringic acid in the rhizomes of four Bergenia species, viz., B. ciliata, B. ligulata, B. purpurascens and B. stracheyi
Summary
The genus Bergenia Moench (Saxifragaceae) consists of about 10 species of perennial rhizomatous herbs distributed in the temperate and subtropical regions of Central and East Asia [1]. The rhizomes, especially of B. ligulata are used as main ingredients in various Ayurvedic and Unani formulations for the treatment of urolithiasis, haemorrhoids, stomach disorders, ophthalmia, heart diseases, chronic venereal diseases, boils and blisters, leucorrhoea, piles, arthritis, epilepsy and pulmonary infections [4,5] Numerous pharmacological activities such as antipyretic, analgesic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antilithiatic, antiplasmodial, antitussive, antiulcer, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, hemorrhoidal, insecticidal and diuretic properties have been reported in different species of Bergenia [6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. Development of an efficient analytical method to estimate the quantitative variations of bioactive phenolics in Bergenia species collected from diverse geographical regions of India is necessary for their quality control
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