Majocchi Granuloma: A Comprehensive Review of a Rare but Significant Clinical Entity

Abstract

Majocchi granuloma is an uncommon but relevant clinical entity involving deep infection of hair follicles and dermal layers by dermatophytes. Although its exact incidence and prevalence are not well established due to its rarity, it has been observed predominantly in young adults of both sexes. The clinical presentation of Majocchi granuloma is characterized by the presence of nodules, papules or pustules in areas of increased hair density, which can be painful, pruritic and even ulcerate. Accurate diagnosis can be challenging due to its clinical similarity to other skin conditions, requiring a thorough evaluation including clinical history, physical examination and sometimes complementary tests such as microscopic examination, culture of skin samples and biopsy. Treatment of Majocchi granuloma is based on the administration of antifungal therapy, either topical or systemic, to eliminate the infection and control the inflammatory response. Topical antifungals are usually appropriate for localized skin lesions, while systemic antifungals are reserved for more extensive or resistant cases. In addition, additional measures such as symptom relief and prevention of complications are important. Despite the lack of epidemiologic and clinical studies, increased awareness and understanding of Majocchi granuloma is required to facilitate its early diagnosis and optimal management. Future research is needed to improve diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to adequately address this condition and provide appropriate care for affected patients.