Maize root-associated niches determine the response variation in bacterial community assembly and function to phthalate pollution

Abstract

Plant root-associated microbiome can be influenced by environmental stress like pollution. However, how organic pollution influences microbial communities in different root-associated niches and plant-microbe interaction remains unclear. We analyzed maize root-associated bacterial communities under stress of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). The results demonstrate that structures and functions of bacterial communities are significantly different among four root-associated niches, and bacterial diversities gradually decline along bulk soil - rhizosphere - rhizoplane - endosphere. DEHP stress significantly reduces bacterial community diversities in both rhizosphere and rhizoplane, and changes their composition, enrichment and depleting process. DEHP stress led to the enrichment of some specific bacterial taxa like phthalate-degrading bacteria (e.g., Rhizobium and Agromyces) and functional genes involving in phthalate degradation (e.g., pht3 and pcaG). Notably, rhizoplane bacterial community is more sensitive to DEHP stress by enriching stress-resistant bacteria and more complex microbial network on rhizoplane than in rhizosphere. DEHP stress also disturbs the colonization and biofilm forming of root-associated bacteria on rhizoplane. Rhizoplane bacterial community is significantly correlated with maize growth while negatively influenced by DEHP stress. DEHP stress negatively influences plant-microbe interaction and inhibits maize growth. This study provides deep and comprehensive understanding for root-associated bacterial community in response to organic pollution.