Maize Grain Yield and Dry Matter Production Responses to Variations in Weather Conditions

Abstract

Variations in weather conditions could alter maize (Zea mays L.) growth and development. This study was conducted to determine the eco‐physiological determinants of variations in maize yield with weather conditions, and the relationship between grain yield, dry matter production, and climatic factors. Eight sowing dates were set at 15‐ to 20‐d intervals from mid‐March to mid‐July during 2012 and 2013 in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai region of China. When the sowing date was delayed, the yield increased initially and later declined, and the greatest yield was obtained at 12 June (SD6) sowing date for both years. The increased yield for SD6 was mainly attributed to the 1000‐kernel weight and post‐silking dry matter production, which were mainly influenced by the post‐silking plant growth rate. Variations in temperature and radiation were the primary factors that influenced the post‐silking dry matter production of maize, and eventually influenced grain yield. High temperatures (daily maximum temperature [Tmax] > 28.1°C) during post‐silking under early sowing conditions and low temperatures (daily minimum temperature [Tmin] < 17.7°C) under late sowing conditions combined with low radiation (accumulated radiation [Ra] < 1 005.4 MJ m2) decreased the post‐silking plant growth rate, thereby decreasing the dry matter production and grain yield. Therefore, when the sowing was done from 25 May to 27 June, the relatively higher maize yield would be obtained. We conclude that variations in weather conditions (temperature and radiation) from silking to maturity significantly affect the plant growth rate of maize, influence post‐silking dry matter production, and grain yield.