Abstract
Plant virus diseases are serious constraints to the productivity and profitability of a wide range of crops. Epidemics of existing plant virus diseases and the emergence of novel virus diseases have become a serious threat to subsistence and commercial agriculture. The knowledge of virus transmission and its survival helps to understand how the disease transmits from infected plant to healthy, where it reserved, and this will lead to identify the most important variables and focus efforts to develop sustainable management strategies. Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) is transmitted from location to location, and from plant to plant through various mechanisms (mechanically, seed, insect vectors, and soil) and many wild types of grass and cultivated crops, MCMV infected maize residue are used as its reservoirs. Different weed species and cultivated plants used as alternate hosts, and soil and seed transmissibility of MCMV are epidemiologically important and contribute to maintaining virus inoculum available in the absence of maize in the field and increase the chances of continuing its survival. Integrated disease management approach, regular field monitoring, assessment of virus symptoms, and rouging-out diseased plants are recommended to prevent further spread by insect vectors. Apart from this, because the disease is still widespread in various countries, intensive MCMV recruitment, combined with integrated disease management, requires ongoing practice in countries where MCMV is prevalent and in those countries that have not yet reported MCMV. Keywords : Integrated management; Insect vector; plant residue; Soil transmission; Zea mays DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/11-19-04 Publication date: October 31 st 2021
Highlights
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the main staple food in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa (Iken and Amusa, 2004)
Because of the level of damage caused and potential of the disease to spread and cause tremendous losses in most major growing areas of the East African countries, Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) which is the main component of Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) is currently considered as a high-risk emerging disease and given a top priority for intervention by research and crop pest regulatory authorities in the agricultural sector
MCMV transmitted from location to location, and from plant to plant through various mechanisms and many kinds of wild grasses and cultivated crops used as its reservoirs
Summary
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the main staple food in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa (Iken and Amusa, 2004). Plant viruses are among the major factors that affecting food production worldwide and cause vast economic losses. When MCMV co-infects maize with any potyvirus infecting maize plants, a synergistic interaction occurs, causing a severe disease (Fig. 1) and yield losses. MCMV can cause 91% yield loss occurs in co-infection with either MDMV or Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) (Niblett and Claflin, 1978). MCMV symptoms Depending on the host genotype, MCMV infection symptoms range from mild to severe chlorotic mottle, leaf necrosis, stunted growth, a shortened male inflorescence with few spikes, malformed or partially filled ears, and premature death of plants (Niblett and Claflin, 1978; Uyemoto et al, 1981; Regassa et al, 2021). The entire crop can frequently be killed before tasseling (Niblett and Claflin, 1978; Uyemoto et al, 1980, 1981; Wangai et al, 2012; Regassa et al, 2021)
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