Maintenance Treatment of Major Depression: A Review of the Literature

Abstract

This review was undertaken to assess the indications for and efficacy of maintenance treatments for major depression. It was based on a search of the medical literature and a review of randomized clinical trials. The literature shows that antidepressant medications and, to a lesser extent, psychotherapy are both effective in preventing recurrence of major depression. Lithium and carbamazepine may also be effective. Antidepressant medications are probably more effective at full therapeutic doses than at the lower doses initially advised for maintenance treatment. Based on this review, maintenance treatment should be considered for any patient with recurrent major depression. It is clearly indicated in individuals with multiple frequent episodes. Patients with less-severe illness must weight the risks and benefits of treatment in light of their earlier course and symptoms, the current impact of treatment, and the likely future impact of additional episodes.