Abstract
Cell wall biosynthesis is a complex biological process in plants. In the rapidly growing cells or in the plants that encounter a variety of environmental stresses, the compositions and the structure of cell wall can be dynamically changed. To constantly monitor cell wall status, plants have evolved cell wall integrity (CWI) maintenance system, which allows rapid cell growth and improved adaptation of plants to adverse environmental conditions without the perturbation of cell wall organization. Salt stress is one of the abiotic stresses that can severely disrupt CWI, and studies have shown that the ability of plants to sense and maintain CWI is important for salt tolerance. In this review, we highlight the roles of CWI in salt tolerance and the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of CWI under salt stress. The unsolved questions regarding the association between the CWI and salt tolerance are discussed.
Highlights
High salinity is an adverse environmental stress that severely affects the growth and yield of crops
Studies have shown that the plants that are defective in cell wall biosynthesis are hypersensitive to salt stress, suggesting that maintenance of cell wall integrity (CWI) is important for the adaptation of plants to high salinity
RALFs, thewhile alkaline state in the apoplast promotespromotes the binding and probably other cell wall sensors convert salt-triggered cell wall signals to multiple intracellular signals, 2+, probably other cell wall sensors convert salt-triggered cell wall signals to multiple intracellular signals, including Caincluding Ca2+, reactive oxygen species (ROS), abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), and MPKs, which in turn regulate the expression of salt stressROS, abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), and MPKs, which in turn regulate the expression of salt stress-responsive responsive genes in the nucleus
Summary
High salinity is an adverse environmental stress that severely affects the growth and yield of crops. More than 20% of the irrigated lands in the world are threatened by high salinity, and the area of saline soils is increasing gradually every year accompanied by the global climate change and poor irrigation practices [2,3,4]. Based on the capacity of plants to adapt to salt stress, plants can be classified into glycophytes and halophytes Our major crops, such as rice, maize, and wheat, are glycophytes that are unable to complete their life cycle when they are being exposed to high salinity.
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