Abstract
In dairy industry, quality of produced milk must be more important than quantity without a high somatic cells count (SCC) or pathogens causing mastitis of dairy cows and consumer diseases. Preserving the good health of dairy cows is a daily challenge for all involved in primary milk production. Despite the increasing level of technological support and veterinary measures, inflammation of the mammary gland–mastitis, is still one of the main health problems and reasons for economic losses faced by cow farmers. The mammary gland of high-yielding dairy cows requires making the right decisions and enforcing the proper measures aimed at minimizing external and internal factors that increase the risk of intramammary infection. Due to the polyfactorial nature of mastitis related to its reduction, the effectiveness of commonly used antimastitis methods tends to be limited and therefore it is necessary to find the areas of risk in udder health programs and monitoring systems. Only by implementing of complete udder health programs should be accompanied by research efforts to further development these complete udder health control. The present review analyses the current knowledge dealing with damping and prevention of mastitis include SCC control, proper nutrition, housing and management, milking and drying as practiced in dairy farming conditions. This information may help to improve the health of the mammary gland and the welfare of the dairy cows as well as the production of safe milk for consumers.
Highlights
Ruminant milk is a traditional raw material for the production of a range of dairy products that are unique in their composition
A minimum daily intake of vitamin E from a feed ration of 500–600 IU/head and Se of 0.1–0.3 mg/kg dry matter (DM) is recommended to maintain optimal health
In addition to reducing the number of microorganisms, by using the improved composition bedding for a period of 3 months, the effect of reduced infection pressure from the environment was demonstrated, which resulted in an increased number of healthy quarters with negative California mastitis test (CMT) score and a reduced incidence of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows [87]
Summary
Ruminant milk is a traditional raw material for the production of a range of dairy products that are unique in their composition. In addition to reducing the number of microorganisms, by using the improved composition bedding for a period of 3 months, the effect of reduced infection pressure from the environment was demonstrated, which resulted in an increased number of healthy quarters with negative CMT score and a reduced incidence of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows [87]. Godden et al [95] demonstrated a significant reduction in the incidence of clinical mastitis during the first stage of lactation in cows that had been treated with intramammary anantibiotic with teat seal when compared to cows treated only teat seal Their results confirmed that intramammary infusion with teat sealant as an adjunct to long-term effect antibiotic at dry off had a significant effect on reducing the risk for acquiring a new IMI between 1 and 3 days in milking (DIM; treatment = 22.8%, control = 29.1%), 6–8 DIM (treatment = 20.6%, control = 25.9%) and 60 DIM (treatment = 5.9%, control = 8.0%) (Figure 7). Preventive use of the vaccine in production herds is an economic burden associated with higher costs of purchase and self-administration, its positive benefits associated with better milk monetization due to reduced SCC with lower mastitis is one way to improve profitability of milk production, healthy cows and reduces the number of weaned dairy cows [105]
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