Abstract
We analyzed the main trends of the change in the species richness of phytocenoses after catastrophic natural (beetle outbreaks, windfalls) and anthropogenic (clear cutting) disturbances. We examined the dynamics of the structural diversity of species richness of herb-dwarf scrubs layer with different reforestation technologies after the death of spruce stands. The study of similarity and ordination of vegetation showed the proximity of the undamaged forest to the unharvested stand, and the difference of these phytocenoses from clear-cut. The main determining factor of species richness was the intensity of phytocenosis disturbance after catastrophes. The reforestation dynamics of phytocenoses after catastrophic disturbances were analyzed. Clear cutting led to the formation of meadow communities with a sharp increase in the species and structural diversity of phytocenoses.
Highlights
The problem of conservation of forest biodiversity is one of the most important challenges in biology and ecology in 20-21 centuries and the central task of wildlife conservation
All anthropogenic and natural disturbances are considered to be negative factors leading to a reduction in biodiversity [1]
Identification of change patterns in species composition of communities can only be done by monitoring of the biodiversity of permanent sample plots in a series of phytocenoses along a relief gradient within a limited area for a long period of time after catastrophic disturbances [2]
Summary
The problem of conservation of forest biodiversity is one of the most important challenges in biology and ecology in 20-21 centuries and the central task of wildlife conservation. The large-scale death of forests leads to the reduction of diversity of biotopes, phytochors, and phytocenoses, the extinction of species and the reduction of their intraspecific genetic diversity. These conventional ideas are based on the comparison of data from different researchers, construction of spatiotemporal patterns, etc. In areas of spruce drying during outbreaks of the eight-dentated bark beetle, the soil and ground cover remains mostly untouched, but the proportion of dead spruce varies from 0 to 100 %. The degree of ecosystem disturbance during disasters that lead to the destruction of spruce forests determines the rate of vegetation restoration in areas of fire-damaged forest, windfalls, and in the epicenters of spruce drying
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