Main pathogens and the treatment of periprosthetic infection in modern orthopedics

Abstract

Background. Currently, endoprosthetics is the most popular method for treating degenerative diseases and joint injuries, with the number of these operations increasing every year. Naturally, as the number of such surgical interventions rises, the frequency of postoperative complications also increases, with periprosthetic infection being the most common.Aim. To analyze data from scientific literature to determine the prevalence and main causative agents of periprosthetic infection at presentMaterials and methods. Forty-nine sources were analyzed, which were searched in the scientific databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLibrary. The search for scientific material was conducted using the following keywords: periprosthetic infection, joint replacement, complications of endoprosthetics, infections in traumatology, biofilms, gram-positive bacteria, and gram-negative bacteria.Results. The review provides data on the causative agents of periprosthetic infection, as well as features of its treatment, prevention, and diagnosis. It considers modern data on the epidemiology and risk factors of this complication. The most common cause of revision operations after endoprosthesis is periprosthetic infection, followed by aseptic loosening of the endoprosthesis. Independent risk factors have been identified, including congestive heart failure, chronic lung diseases, preoperative anemia, depression, kidney disease, pulmonary circulatory disorders, psychosis, metastatic tumors, and diseases of peripheral vessels and heart valves.Conclusion. At present, there is a growing trend in the number of endoprosthetic surgeries for large joints, leading to an increase in revision interventions. Consequently, the number of periprosthetic infections is also rising, highlighting the importance and potential of research focused on controlling infectious agents and improving prevention and treatment methods.