Abstract
In the Black–Azov Sea basin, natural sheltered areas (gulfs, bays, limans, and estuaries) served as ports already B.C. In the seventeenth–eighteenth centuries, under the Russian Empire, the MPs were called “marine shelters”. Construction of commercial harbours on the Russian coast of the Black Sea started in the nineteenth century when the creation, in 1857, of the Russian Steam Navigation and Trading Company (ROPiT) gave a huge input to commercial navigation in the Black Sea.
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