Abstract
Italy is one of the first countries in the world as far as the number of tunnels is concerned. Many new tunnels are currently under construction or have been planned (300 km of railway tunnels and 150 km of road tunnels, some more than 500 m long, but also metropolitan tunnels). Tunnels are usually excavated in mountain areas of great value: the longest ones in Italy are in fact located in the Alps or in the Apennine mountain range. Approach: If the re-use of excavated material is not taken into account each time a tunnel is excavated, new quarries are required to obtain aggregates for cement, asphalt and concrete and new landfills are created, to allocate the tunnel muck. If the planned tunnel is large (in size and length), numerous quarries and landfills can be expected in the vicinity of the tunnel, with a consequent considerable amount of environmental damage. Results and Conclusion: For these reasons and not only for the obvious economic reasons, it is necessary to develop all the technologies that make the re-use of muck possible as an aggregate for cement and asphalt and as material for road and railways embankments
Highlights
Underground soil exploitation will be used more andOver the past forty years, the construction of public works has been increasing considerably all over the world and in Europe in order to improve the mobility of people and goods
In 1994, the European Council approved a list of 14 specific trans-European transport networks (TEN-T) projects and in 2005 the European Commission drew up a new list of 30 priority projects
Two axes affect the Italian territory: priority axis 1: the Berlin-Verona-MilanBologna-Naples-Messina-Palermo railway axis, for which the 57 km long Brenner base tunnel is going to be excavated and priority axis 6: the Lyons-Trieste-LjubljanaBudapest-the Ukraine border railway axis for which a base tunnel will be excavated between Turin and Lyons with an expected length of 52 km
Summary
Over the past forty years, the construction of public works has been increasing considerably all over the world and in Europe in order to improve the mobility of people and goods. The main properties that can be found at a decimeter scale in the material from the excavation of tunnels are the mineral composition, the texture and the alteration of the components These data are already available after the produce a high demand for aggregates for the required geological studies have been carried out, but linings. A key aspect that must be considered in the evaluation of the possible use of muck from the excavation of tunnels is that aggregates need high strength against alkali This is because of the phenomenon that is known as the “alkali-silica reaction” (or ASR). The relative humidity of the environment The quantity of amorphous and cryptocrystalline siliceous aggregates If any of these three conditions is missing, the phenomenon will not occur and there will be no apparent damage (Collepardi et al, 2002)
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