Main approaches to malocclusions and orthognathic surgery in facial aesthetic: an integrative review

Abstract

Introduction: In the scenario of orthodontic corrections, orthognathic surgery makes it possible to restore the functional and aesthetic patterns of the face, and non-surgical or minimally invasive procedures have optimized the results of ortho-surgical facial treatments. Objective: the present study aimed to perform a systematic review of the main information about orthognathic surgery in malocclusions, as well as to present the aesthetic importance. Methods: Clinical studies with qualitative and/or quantitative analysis were included, following the rules of the systematic review-PRISMA. Results and Conclusion: A total of 107 articles were found involving "malocclusions and orthognathic surgery". A total of 47 articles were evaluated in full, and 33 were included and discussed in this study. Aesthetic/functional rehabilitation is necessary until the eruption of permanent successor teeth occurs. A practical option to obtain this rehabilitation is through the installation of aesthetic or functional space maintainers. These are orthodontic devices that replace one or more deciduous teeth and are used to preserve the space destined for the permanent tooth successor, preventing it from suffering deviations during its eruption. The facial typology seeks to redefine the relationships between deleterious habits and malocclusions, through the valuation of individual morphological characteristics, which will lead to craniofacial growth and development to assume certain facial types. Therefore, due to the aging of the stomatognathic apparatus the orofacial functions can be modified, such as malocclusion, therefore for greater effectiveness and longevity of the final result of the orthodontic treatment, the indefinite use of fixed inferior containment should be established and accompanied by the professional.