Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is a serious environmental problem. The presence of such metals in different areas of an ecosystem subsequently leads to the contamination of consumable products such as dietary and processed materials. Accurate monitoring of metal concentrations in various samples is of importance in order to minimize health hazards resulting from exposure to such toxic substances. For this purpose, it is essential to have a general understanding of the basic principles for different methods of elemental analysis. This article provides an overview of the most sensitive techniques of elemental analysis such as atomic absorption/emission spectrometry, mass spectrometry, x-ray fluorescence, voltametry, and nuclear techniques. In addition, the article addresses some applications in a range of sample matrices.Keywords: Heavy metals, Analytical methods, Elemental spectroscopic analysis, Sample matrices, Health and environmental hazards
Highlights
Heavy metals are present in all types of ecosystems
The method is guaranteed by the analysis of certified reference material and the recovery percentages of the elements were not significantly different from the certified values [41]. Another application of elemental analysis with X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRFS) was reported to evaluate the contamination level of heavy metals in soil samples collected from various areas near the industrial complex of Galati, Romania
A sequential injection analysis-anodic stripping voltammetry (SIA-Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV)) using bismuth screen-printed carbon nanotubes electrodes (Bi-SPCNTE) method was developed for the detection of trace heavy metals Pb, Cd, and Zn in herbal materials
Summary
Heavy metals are present in all types of ecosystems. Their existence is mainly due to anthropogenic sources such as industrial and agricultural activities [1]. Many instrumental analytical methods may be employed to measure the concentration level of heavy metals in various samples. This method measures the concentration of the element by passing light in specific wave length emitted by a radiation source of a particular element through cloud of atoms from a sample.
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