Abstract
Magonia pubescens is a tree species originally from the Brazilian Cerrado that bears fruit with winged seeds from which fixed oil can be extracted. This study aimed to analyze the physical and chemical properties of the oil extracted from these seeds and the biodiesel produced thereof. Methods from the Adolfo Lutz Institute, American Oil Chemists Society, and American Society for Testing and Materials were used. Seven fatty acids (oleic, arachidic, gadoleic, palmitic, palmitoleic, linoleic, and stearic acids) were found in the oil. Acidity level (1.119 mg KOH·g-1), iodine value (77.36 cg I2·g-1), saponification value (133.36 mg KOH·g-1), density (0.8796 g·cm-3), and refractive index (1.3348nD) were low when compared to the high peroxide value (26.14 meq·kg-1), viscosity (101.46 mm²·s-¹), and moisture (0.88%) of other oils and fats used for biodiesel production. Biodiesel showed density (0.8484 g·cm-3), viscosity (29.62 mm-2·s-1), acidity level (0.752 mg KOH·g-1), and saponification value (148.89 mg KOH·g-1).
Highlights
Magonia pubescens (Sapindaceae), known as “Tingui”, “Timbo”, and “Tingui do Cerrado”, is a plant originally from the Brazilian Cerrado found in Bolivia and Paraguay
Biodiesel is a fuel consisting of methyl or ethyl esters obtained by transesterification of different oil sources such as edible and inedible oils, animal fat, algae, and reused oils (Canoira et al, 2010)
The moisture content, density, ash content, peroxide value, saponification value, viscosity and refraction index of the oil were analyzed according to methods of the American Oil Chemists Society (AOCS)
Summary
Magonia pubescens (Sapindaceae), known as “Tingui”, “Timbo”, and “Tingui do Cerrado”, is a plant originally from the Brazilian Cerrado found in Bolivia and Paraguay It is between four and twelve meters tall, and bears large, globular fruit with winged seeds, which germinate . Biodiesel is a fuel consisting of methyl or ethyl esters obtained by transesterification of different oil sources such as edible and inedible oils, animal fat, algae, and reused oils (Canoira et al, 2010) This type of biofuel production is important, because it can be a substitute for diesel oil, whose reserves have reduced. The production of biodiesel can potentially reduce the dependence on oil import to countries with no oil reserves and contribute to local agricultural industries It is miscible in diesel oil in different ratios, causing no damage to engines. It has reduced sulfur content, adequate flash point and lubricity, and shows positive energy balance (Blin et al, 2013; Knothe, 2002; Rakopoulos et al, 2015)
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