Abstract
Recommendations for breast support, dynamic breast pain assessment, and implications for sports performance have been made within breast biomechanics research; however, these studies have been based upon short exercise protocols (2–5 min). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of breast support on multiplanar breast kinematics over a 5-kilometre run. Ten female participants (34D or 32DD) conducted two 5-kilometre runs, in a low and high breast support. Relative multiplanar breast kinematics were averaged over five gait cycles at six intervals of a 5-kilometre run. Increases in multiplanar breast kinematics were reported from the start to the end of the run, with the greatest rate of increase in breast kinematics reported within the first two kilometres of running. The greatest relative increases in breast range of motion (34%), velocity (33%), and acceleration (41%) were reported in the superioinferior direction at the fifth kilometre (33 min of running) in the high breast support. Key findings suggest that the run distance, and therefore run duration, employed for both fundamental research and product validation protocols should be carefully considered and it is suggested that running protocols for assessing breast biomechanics should exceed 7 min.
Highlights
Recommendations for breast support, dynamic breast pain assessment, and implications for sports performance have been made within breast biomechanics research; these studies have been based upon short exercise protocols (2 to 5 min)
This study aimed to quantify the magnitude of multiplanar breast kinematics during a five kilometre treadmill run in a low and high breast support condition, to determine if breast kinematics differed over a prolonged treadmill run
This study found significant increases in multiplanar breast kinematics during a five kilometre treadmill run in a low and high breast support, with the steepest increases occurring between the first two minutes of running to the first kilometre interval
Summary
Recommendations for breast support, dynamic breast pain assessment, and implications for sports performance have been made within breast biomechanics research; these studies have been based upon short exercise protocols (2 to 5 min). Important research areas are examined in these publications, such as establishing what an effective breast support is, which informs product design (Starr et al, 2005), the assessment of breast pain, ensuring females are exercising in comfort (Scurr, et al, 2010), and examining functional alterations during running to examine ly the effect of breast biomechanics on sports performance (Boschma, Smith, & Lawson, 1995; White, Scurr, & Smith, 2009) While these publications have significantly progressed knowledge within the area of breast biomechanics, the conclusions drawn have been the result of work conducted over short running bouts (up to 5 minutes). Examining the magnitude of multiplanar breast kinematics over a common running distance, in each direction of movement, could increase knowledge of the breast during running, inform breast biomechanics protocols, provide vital information for sports bra design, and enable valid product assessments
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