Magnitude and variation of the burden of cancer mortality in Brazil and Federation Units, 1990 and 2015.

Maximiliano Ribeiro Guerra,Daisy Maria Xavier De Abreu,Meghan Mooney,Maria Teresa Bustamante-Teixeira,Elisabeth Barboza França,Mohsen Naghavi,Maria Paula Curado,Camila Soares Lima Corrêa,Renato Teixeira,Deborah Carvalho Malta

doi:10.1590/1980-5497201700050009

Abstract

To analyze the mortality rates from malignant neoplasia in Brazil and Federal Units (FU) in the years 1990 and 2015, according to sex and main types of cancer. Using estimates of global disease burden for Brazil made by the GBD 2015 study, age-adjusted cancer mortality rates and respective 95% uncertainty intervals were calculated for Brazil and FU in 1990 and 2015, as well as their percentage variation in the period. The main causes of cancer mortality by sex were analyzed, considering the five highest rates in the country and for each state. The cancer mortality rate for male and female population remained stable between the two years in the country. The same behavior pattern was observed in almost all the FU, and the majority of states in the northeast region and half of the north region showed a non-significant increase in mortality rates. Regarding the types of cancer, there was a drop in mortality rates for stomach cancers in both sexes (women: -38.9%, men: -37.3%), cervical cancer in women (-33.9%), and lung and esophagus cancer in men (-12.0% and -14.1%, respectively); in contrast, there was an increase in lung cancers in women (+20.7%) and colon and rectum cancers in men (+29.5%). Differences in the behavior of major cancers, with a decrease mainly in the more developed regions and an increase in the less developed regions of the country, seem to reflect the socioeconomic inequalities as well as difficulties in access to health services by the Brazilian population.

Highlights

The number of new cancers has generally increased worldwide between 1990 and 2013, there are important differences between countries and cancers types
A descriptive study was carried out based on the estimates of global disease burden for Brazil made by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2015 study, coordinated by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)
In Brazil, malignant neoplasms were responsible for 105,275 deaths in 1990 and 236,345 deaths in 2015, corresponding to 11.6% and 17.4% of the total estimated deaths, respectively

Summary

Introduction

The number of new cancers has generally increased worldwide between 1990 and 2013, there are important differences between countries and cancers types. This situation highlights the need to structure health systems, especially in developing/underdeveloped countries, to handle the high costs associated with the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures inherent to the disease[1]. In Central and South America, there is a double burden of cancer in many countries, which is represented by high rates of both infection-related and lifestyle-related cancers, with significant differences according to the level of human development among countries and within regions, and according to gender[5]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion