Abstract
Since there are many destructive effects caused by extreme climate events in the Yellow River, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore the variations of climatic extremes in this key basin. We used a meteorological dataset from 66 stations within the Yellow River basin (YRB) for the period 1960–2017 to calculate magnitude and frequency of precipitation/temperature extremes. We also analyzed the relationships between the main large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns (ACPs) and precipitation/temperature extremes. The trends in precipitation extremes were nonsignificant, only a few stations were characterized by significantly increasing or decreasing anomalies; this indicates the precipitation intensity may have been strengthened, and the extreme rainfall duration appears to have been reduced during 1960–2017. The trends of magnitudes for “cold” extremes were larger than those for “warm” extremes, changes of trends in frost days were higher than those for summer days, and the trends in increasing warm nights were higher than those of warm days. The influence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Arctic Oscillation (AO) on temperature extremes outweighed the influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) for the other extreme climate indices. The YRB might be at risk of increased extreme high temperature events, and more attention should be paid to this higher risk of extreme climatic events.
Highlights
Global warming is the result of increased carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases concentrations, and it is likely to have some climatic and weather hazards on the eco-environments worldwide [1,2,3,4], leading to losses of property and human lives [5] due to floods, droughts, and cyclones
In this study, we extended these atmospheric circulation patterns (ACPs) and attempted to solve the following three problems: (i) What are the trends in the changes of magnitude and frequency of temperature and precipitation extremes in the Yellow River basin (YRB)? (ii) Can the ACPs that influence the climate of the YRB have significant effects on extreme climate events in the YRB? If so, (iii) how and to what extent can they impact extreme climate events? Our principal objectives were to (i) analyze the temporal and spatial variations of daily temperature and precipitation extremes in the YRB during
As for R99p, 97% of stations located in the whole area identified no trend (Figure 2e), which indicates that the precipitation intensity was not obviously enhanced during 1960–2017
Summary
Global warming is the result of increased carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases concentrations, and it is likely to have some climatic and weather hazards on the eco-environments worldwide [1,2,3,4], leading to losses of property and human lives [5] due to floods, droughts, and cyclones. Climate change is largely expressed by temperature and precipitation variability, and extreme precipitation intensity will continue to strengthen as global warming continues [6,7,8]. According to the investigated results of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [9], of particular importance are possible changes in extreme events over large parts of the world, including the intensity, frequency, timing, and extent of those climate-related extremes. Some evaluations of numerical climate model simulations and observational records revealed that the annual average precipitation was increasing with increasing mean temperature at regional and global scales [2,10,11]. 2013–2042; they suggested that there is an increasing trend in annual rainfalls under all scenarios and pronounced warming trends in temperature. Pierre and Ayan [13] noted that precipitation decreased with increasing temperature in Djibouti city from 1966 to 2011
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