Abstract
To understand and anticipate flow in various groundwater media, the magnitude and direction of groundwater flow velocity must be deemed. The studied area which is called Halabja-Sadiq Basin is in the northeastern part of Iraq and covers an area of approximately 128,000 square hectometers. There are several groundwater aquifers in this region that supply nearly over 90% of all water needs. Subsequently, it is of highly requirement to identify various groundwater behaviors in the area. The objective of this study is to estimate the magnitude and direction of the groundwater seepage velocity with the aid of groundwater tool in Geographic Information System technology. Refer to the results of this analysis, the magnitude value of groundwater flow velocity ranged from 0 to 51 m/d, whilst the general flow movement is from the eastern part to the western part of the study area. The factor governing the direction of flow and velocity magnitude indicates the direction of dipping of the geological formation strata, the high head of groundwater in the eastern part, and the low transmissivity properties of aquifer materials in the western part.
Highlights
The groundwater seepage flow field is a vector of seepage flow of the fluid, in which given by two rasters, namely flow direction and magnitude rate [2]
Darcy velocity map for the Halabja Saida Basin (HSB) was generated with the aid of groundwater command in spatial analysis tool in Geographic Information System (GIS)/ArcMap software 10.3 using Inverse Distance Weight (IDW) method
The study area is characterized by different groundwater aquifers of different lithological materials, the effective porosity of these materials which were estimated from recommended representative porosity table by Morris and Johnson [1]
Summary
Procedure of modeling groundwater seepage flow starting with estimating flow direction and flow seep magnitude rate at each point in the flow pass of the aquifer media. The key aim of this study is to apply the groundwater tool in Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to calculate and map the speed of groundwater seepage in terms of magnitude rate and direction. This map can be useful to prevent the pollutant disperse in the direction of groundwater flow and to know the potential location of groundwater resources quantitatively. The GIS technique illustrates a method for calculating the speed of groundwater in terms of magnitude and direction, and this is the first application of this method in the region to create a complete system of groundwater flow that can be applied everywhere in the world
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