Abstract
Isolated or multi lineage cytopenia are the most common clinicopathological features and independently associated with increased risk of disease progression and death among human immunodeficiency virus infected children. In the study area, there is scarcity of data about the magnitude of various cytopenia. Aimed to determine the magnitude and associated factors of peripheral cytopenia among HIV infected children at the University of Gondar Specialized Referral Hospital ART clinic, Northwest Ethiopia. Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted on 255 HIV infected children from January- April 2020. None probable convenient sampling technique was used to select the study participant. Socio demographic data were collected by pre tested structured questionnaire via face-to-face interview and their medical data were obtained from their follow-up medical records. Moreover, blood specimens were collected and examined for complete blood count, viral load and blood film, whereas stool specimens were collected and examined for intestinal parasites. Bi-variable and multi-variable logistic regression models were fitted to identify associated factors of cytopenia. P-Value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The overall magnitude of peripheral cytopenia was 38.9%. Anemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia and bi-cytopenia were 21.2%, 12.2%, 11%, 1.6% and 3.9% respectively. Being in the age group of 2-10 years (AOR = 5.38, 95%CI 2.33-12.46), AZT based regimen (AOR = 5.44, 95%CI: 2.24-13.21), no eating green vegetables (AOR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.26-4.92) and having plasma viral load >1000 copies /ml (AOR = 5.38, 95%CI: 2.22-13.03) showed significant association with anemia. Anemia was the predominant peripheral cytopenia among HIV infected children in this study. It was strongly associated with AZT based drug type, age below 10 years and high viral load. Critical stress should be given for early investigation and management of cytopenia in addition to the use of alternative drug which leads to higher viral suppression and lower risk of toxicity issue.
Highlights
Hematological abnormalities are the most common clinicopathological features of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
Critical stress should be given for early investigation and management of cytopenia in addition to the use of alternative drug which leads to higher viral suppression and lower risk of toxicity issue
The reduction of colony forming unit of granulocyte, erythrocyte, monocyte and megakaryocyte (CFU-GEMM) and erythropoietin production by HIV itself and indirectly through HIV proteins such as the envelope protein and abnormal levels of cytokine in the bone marrow (BM), prolonged use of anti-retroviral therapy (ART), opportunistic infection (OI) and malignancies are a key mechanism for HIV associated cytopenia [3,4,5,6]
Summary
Hematological abnormalities are the most common clinicopathological features of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection Of these hematological abnormalities, peripheral cytopenia is become the most common manifestation, which is a reduction of any of the blood cell lines leading to leukopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia in the peripheral blood among patients with HIV infection [1]. Peripheral cytopenia is become the most common manifestation, which is a reduction of any of the blood cell lines leading to leukopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia in the peripheral blood among patients with HIV infection [1] In both antiretroviral-treated and untreated individuals, cytopenia is independently associated with an increased risk of disease progression and death [2]. Isolated or multi lineage cytopenia are the most common clinicopathological features and independently associated with increased risk of disease progression and death among human immunodeficiency virus infected children. There is scarcity of data about the magnitude of various cytopenia
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
