Magnetostratigraphy of the Suerkuli Basin indicates Pliocene (3.2 Ma) activity of the middle Altyn Tagh Fault, northern Tibetan Plateau

Abstract

The left-lateral strike-slip Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) forming the northern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau accommodates parts of the overall convergence between the colliding Indian and Eurasian plates. Precise dating of the ATF activity is essential for understanding possible mechanisms of Tibetan Plateau deformation and uplift. Here we report a magnetostratigraphic study of the Suerkuli Basin deposits recording depositional changes during the ATF activity. Field investigations reveal a remarkable and widespread change in depositional environment in the Suerkuli Basin, i.e. a transformation from low-energy lacustrine deposits (grayish-green mud-siltstone and brown mud-siltstone) into high-energy alluviul fan deposits (poorly sorted gray pebble and cobble conglomerates). Detailed magnetostratigraphy of the 390-m-thick Daban section, at the southeastern margin of the Suerkuli Basin (38°43.09′N, 90°58.84′E), shows that this change in depositional facies occurred at ∼3.2 Ma, accompanied by a remarkable increase in sediment accumulation rate. We attribute this depositional change to the Piocene tectonic activity of the middle ATF although the contribution of the Pliocene global climate deterioration cannot be excluded.