Magnetomechanical effects under torsional strain in iron, cobalt and nickel

Abstract

The change of magnetization as a function of applied torque has been investigated for cylindrical rods of 99.9% pure iron, cobalt and nickel. The relationship between the magnetomechanical effect and magnetostriction in these materials has also been investigated. Torque was applied with amplitude up to ±5 N m with no associated bending moment. The magnetic field near the sample surface was measured using a Hall effect sensor at the center of the sample. The results showed a linear dependence of this field on torque once the transient effects of the first few stress cycles had been overcome. The derivative of the surface circumferential magnetic field with respect to torque for a nickel rod was 19 A N −1 m −2. Cobalt and iron, on the other hand, showed smaller sensitivity to torsional stress, with changes less than 1 A N −1 m −2. The difference in behavior is due to the higher ratio of magnetostriction to anisotropy in nickel. Magnetostriction measurements were made and it was found that the piezomagnetic coefficient d, that is the slope of the magnetostriction curve d λ/d H, at low magnetic field is an important figure of merit in determining sensitivity of magnetization to torque. It is shown that the sensitivity of magnetic induction to stress d B/d σ is dependent on the ratio of magnetostriction to anisotropy.