Abstract
The present study utilized Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model for solving nanofluid flow and heat transfer towards a vertical stretching sheet with the presence of magnetic field and double stratification. Thermal and solutal buoyancy forces are also examined to deal with the double stratification effects. Buongiorno's model of nanofluid is used to incorporate the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The boundary layer with non-Fourier energy equations are reduced into a system of nonlinear ordinary (similarity) differential equations using suitable transformations and then numerically solved using bvp4c solver in MATLAB software. The local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers of few limited cases are tabulated and compared with the earlier published works. It showed that a positive agreement was found with the previous study and thus, validated the present method. Numerical solutions are graphically demonstrated for several parameters namely magnetic, thermal relaxation, stratifications (thermal and solutal), thermophoresis and Brownian motion on the velocity, temperature and nanoparticles volume fraction profiles. An upsurge of the heat transfer rate was observed with the imposition of the thermal relaxation parameter (Cattaneo-Christov model) whereas the accretion of thermal and solutal stratification parameters reduced the temperature and nanoparticles concentration profiles, respectively.
Highlights
Fluid dynamics due to a stretching sheet plays an essential role in the industrial manufacturing applications for example in the extrusion process
Many researchers analyzed the study with different physical parameters and various types of fluids
Nanofluids are a contemporary class of heat transfer fluids that have been subject of developing research in the new era
Summary
Fluid dynamics due to a stretching sheet plays an essential role in the industrial manufacturing applications for example in the extrusion process. The production of sheeting material forms a continuously moving solid surface with inconsistent surface velocity through an or else quiescent fluid [1]. Many researchers analyzed the study with different physical parameters (i.e. magnetic field, suction/injection, heat generation, thermal radiation) and various types of fluids (non-Newtonian fluids, nanofluids). The nanofluids are invented to boost the base fluid’s thermal conductivity [3, 4]. There are seven slip mechanisms in the Buongiorno’s model which could produce a relative velocity between the nanoparticles and the base fluid, but, only thermophoresis and Brownian motion were effective to model the nanofluid. Khan and Pop [8] were the earliest applied the Buongiorno’s model to study the boundary layer flow of a nanofluid towards a stretching sheet
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